Standard Language / Bendrinė kalba

Editorial Board and Table of Contents

Vilija Sakalauskienė — 2025-01-16

Verbal Associations as a Source of Information about the Concept (Based on the Association Fields of the Words DAUGHTER and SON)

Silvija Papaurėlytė-Klovienė — 2025-01-16

Research on the content of concepts, due to the uncertainty of the boundaries of the researched object, requires to use of more diverse materials in order to reveal the variety of information associated with the concept. Verbal associations are the information about what the object named by the word stimulus is associated with in the minds of language users. Hence, it can be said that associations are also a direct source of information about the content of a concept. This is why the information obtained from the experiment of free associations and the description of the association fields of specific lexical units can help to describe the content of any concept in more detail.

Based on the association fields of the words daughter and son, the article discusses part of the content of the concepts DAUGHTER and SON associated with the worldview of the Lithuanian language as well as presents how Lithuanian-speaking people perceive the characteristics of a daughter and a son.

DISCRIMINATION in the Lithuanian language and Culture

Irena Smetonienė — 2025-01-16

Following the methodology of the Lublin School of Ethnolinguistics, the article focuses on the concept of discrimination, examining it in terms of what it means to Lithuanians. The study is based on Lithuanian lexicographic data, material from various texts, and the results of a young people’s survey. The aim is to identify what Lithuanians think when they use the lexeme discrimination in speech or writing and what new shades of meaning emerge in the context. Based on data from all three levels, a cognitive definition of the concept is provided in the synthetic analysis.

COSMOPOLITANISM in the modern Lithuanian worldview

Marius Smetona — 2025-01-16

Following the methodology of the Lublin School of Ethnolinguistics, the article examines how Lithuanians understand the term cosmopolitanism. The study is based on Lithuanian lexicographic data, material from various texts, and the results of a young people's survey. The aim is to identify what Lithuanians mean when they use the lexeme cosmopolitanism in their speech and writing, and what new shades of meaning emerge in context. Based on the data from all three levels, the synthetic analysis provides a cognitive definition of the term.

The folk image of a human preserved in the dialectal plant names. An overview of the issues.

Ilona Kulak — 2025-01-16

The aim of the article is to present the folk image of a human based on the plant names used by Gorals from the north-west part of the Podhale region. The material was gathered through informal interviews with inhabitants of nine villages conducted between 2016 and 2017. The first part of the text includes a detailed account of the methodological approach employed. Additionally, the research problems arising from the specificity of the collected material are presented. The second part of the article discusses the features of the rural society which are indirectly preserved in the folk names of plants, e.g. anthropocentrism, aristocratism, a binary view of reality, sensory perception of the world, instrumental rationality, attachment to Catholicism, magical beliefs.

„This is pretty, but so damaging” – the Linguistic and cultural Image of Corncockle in Polish Folk Tradition

Anna Kaczan — 2025-01-16

The article presents the linguistic and cultural image of corncockle, a plant that is categorized as a weed, a flower or a herb. The full version of the entry for corncockle (Polish: KĄKOL) will be included in the Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols, the volume Mushrooms, Weeds, Plant Clusters, part VIII, edited by Jerzy Bartmiński and Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska. In accordance with the assumptions of the cognitive definition, the folk image of corncockle was reconstructed on the basis of linguistic data (including various types of texts of folklore: proverbs, songs, belief stories, written peasant poetry) and the so-called co-linguisticata (i.e. records of beliefs and descriptions of folk practices: ritualistic, magical, or medicinal). The documentary material comes from the database of the Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols, archived at the Jerzy Bartmiński Ethnolinguistic Unit, UMCS, Lublin.

Dialect Dictionary as a Cultural Text: The Linguistic and Cultural Image of WHEAT

Vilija Sakalauskienė — 2025-01-16

The abundance of examples and definitions from dialects and folklore in dialect dictionaries makes these dictionaries a source to rely upon. For the very same reason, dialect dictionaries carry the important meaning of authentic texts. This article scrutinises the linguistic and cultural image of wheat, one of the four grain staples in Lithuania, as highlighted by the data from the big Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language and other sources of Lithuanian lexicography. The word wheat is known and used across all dialects of the Lithuanian language. The study focuses on the connection between wheat and the human existence and folk culture, the value that it provides to the human being, and the value wheat holds compared to other grains. The amount of data on wheat available in lexicographical sources makes it possible for the cultural image of this plant to be analysed using the methodology developed by the ethnolinguistic school of Lublin. Notably, dialect dictionaries offer material that is much more limited in scope compared to folklore narratives. However, if one were to rely on the latter, dictionary material can prove to be a sufficient source for ethnolinguistic information about the linguistic image of plants.

The diaries of Emilia Wróblewska, née Beniowska, from years 1850–1886 as a source for linguistic and cultural research

Zofia Sawaniewska-Mochowa — 2025-01-16

The article shows various research perspectives opening up for linguists and historians of culture due to analysis of the rich diaristic legacy of Emilia Wróblewska, stored in the Manuscripts Department of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in Vilnius. The writings of a relatively little-known author from the 19^th-century Lithuania deserve multifaceted humanistic reflection and wider introduction to the wider scientific community. Thus, the aim of the current documentation and research project is presenting Wróblewska's manuscripts in the form of a digital edition with a critical study, and showing the ideological, linguistic and literary aspects of women’s intimist literature written at the time of Partitions and domination of the Russian Empire.

Constructions with preposition „tarp“ in administrative Lithuanian language

Rasuolė Vladarskienė — 2025-01-16

The article analyses the usage of the preposition tarp in the administrative Lithuanian language. Although this preposition is not common, certain doubts about its usage have arisen due to the influence of English, which comes through translations of documents of the EU institutions. Research has revealed that the constructions with this preposition became more prevalent in the documents from the early 21^st century. Their usage depends on a fairly precisely defined meaning of a certain limitation, presence in the middle of something or interrelations, and normative recommendations are based on that as well. Attributive constructions are more characteristic of administrative language, and their usage is also related to the capacity of the modified noun to govern constructions with the preposition tarp.

Accentuation tendencies of declinable words in the manuscript sources of the Eastern Aukštaitian subdialect of Utena from the 1950s–1960s

Vilija Ragaišienė — 2025-01-16

The article examines the manuscript sources of the Eastern Aukštaitian subdialect of Utena dating to the 1950s–1960s, which are stored in the Dialect Archive of the Centre of Geolinguistics at the Institute of the Lithuanian Language and which have not yet been thoroughly studied by linguists from the perspective of accentuation. The study aims to determine the accentuation tendencies of declinable words found in these descriptions (presented in responses to the questions of the Program of Material Collection for the Atlas of the Lithuanian Language and in transcribed texts). Based on the substantial amount of material, the article discusses the accentuation patterns, the accentuation variants of words and word forms prevalent in the subdialect of Utena during the studied period, along with the possible reasons for their existence. A list of word forms with accentual variants within the same local dialect is provided.

The study examines how the accentuation of declinable words and their forms in the Eastern Aukštaitian subdialect of Utena during the 1950s–1960s was influenced by factors such as the formation of the rule of stress retraction, the morphological levelling of paradigms, the preservation of ancient accentuation relics, the decline of the accentual and semantic model of two plural forms (simple and collective), the tendency toward oxytone accentuation, and other factors.

Control or adjoining: the genitive means non-agreeing attribute and prepositional construction

Daiva Šveikauskienė — 2025-01-16

The article reviews the estimation presented in the scientific literature regarding the subordinating relation in word combinations. The opinion of other authors on the relationships of control and adjoining are examined in more detail, especially in contested cases. The author draws attention to the relationship of genitive case of the noun, which is a non-agreeing attribute, with the head word, and also discusses cases of control and adjoining the genitive of the noun. Prepositional constructions are also discussed separately in aspect of control and adjoining.

Methodological Innovations in the Study of Linguistic Variation

Diana Dambrauskienė — 2025-01-16